REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 16

1. For each reaction below, identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid and base and their conjugates:
   A)
   B)
   C)
2. Identify the Lewis acid and base in each of the following reactions:
   A)
   B)
   C)
   (lq denotes liquid ammonia as solvent)
3. For each of the following descriptive statements, provide an interpretation in terms of the Bronsted-Lowry, the Lewis theory, or both, as appropriate.
   a) Hydrogen bromide, HBr , dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.
   b) Sodium hydride, NaH , reacts with water to form a basic solution.
   c) Sulfur dioxide, , dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.
4. Complete the table below by calculating the missing entries and indicating whether each solution is acidic or basic:

5. For each pair shown below, choose the stronger base:
   a) or
   b) or
   c) or
6. Calculate the [ ] and [ ] for each of the following strong acid or base solution:
   a)
   b)
   c)
   d)
7. People often take milk of magnesia to reduce the discomfort associated with acid stomach or heartburn. The recommended dose is 1 teaspoon, which contains 400 mg of . What volume of HCl solution with a pH of 1.3 can be neutralized by one dose of milk of magnesia? (Calculate answer to 2 sig figs).
8. Calculate the and for solutions with the following pH values:
   a) 2.63
   b) 14.25
9. Using values of in your textbook, arrange the following acids in order of (a) increasing acid strength, and (b) decreasing percent ionization:
   
   
   
   HOCl
10. A 0.10 M solution of lactic acid has a pH of 2.44. Calculate for lactic acid.
11. A 0.200 M solution of a weak acid HX is ionized. Calculate the pH and for this acid.
12. Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of ethylamine .
13. The for hydrocyanic acid, HCN , is . What is the for CN ?
14. Hydrosulfuric acid is a polyprotic acid with the following equilibria:

a) Calculate the pH of a solution.
b) Calculate the for the solution above.
15. Sodium benzoate, , is the salt of the weak acid, benzoic acid . A 0.10 M solution of sodium benzoate has a pH of 8.60 at room temperature.
a) Calculate the value for benzoate ion ( ).
b) Calculate the value for benzoic acid.
16. Potassium sorbate is the salt of the weak acid, sorbic acid with , and is commonly added to cheese to prevent mold. What is the pH of a solution containing 4.93 g of potassium sorbate in 500 mL of solution?
17. Calculate the pH of solutions prepared by:
a) Diluting 75 mL of to a volume of 350 mL .
b) Dissolving 4.8 g of in 250 mL of solution.
c) Dissolving 3.25 g of in 125 mL of solution.
18. For each pair, determine which is the stronger acid, and provide a brief explanation for your choice.
a) and
b) and
c) and
19. Arrange the solutions below in order of increasing basicity (assume concentrations to be the same):

KOH
KBr
KCN

20. Esters, RCOOR', are important organic compounds that are active ingredients in the odors of fruits, and have important uses in the food and cosmetics industries. Shown below are the first two steps in the mechanism for synthesis of these compounds. Identify the Lewis acids and bases in these two steps:
(1)

(2)

21. For each list below, rank in order of decreasing acid strength (highest to lowest):
a)
b)

26. Identify the highest and lowest values for the hydrogens circled below:
    
27. Identify the more acidic hydrogen in each pair shown below:
    (a)
    (b)
    
    
    (c)