FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Topic Text Ref.
CHAPTER 8
- Know the general properties of gases 8.1
- Know the units and instruments for measurement of pressure 8.1
- Know the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas (Boyle's Law) 8.2
- Know the relationship between volume and temp. of a gas (Charles's Law) 8.3
- Know the relationship between pressure and temp. of a gas (Gay-Lussac's Law) 8.4
- Know what vapor pressure is and what factors it depends on 8.4
- Know the definition of boiling point and how it changes with external pressure 8.4
- Determine volume, temp., or pressure of a gas using the Combined Gas Law 8.5
- Know molar volume of gases at STP conditions 8.6
- Use molar volume and STP conditions to solve chemical problems involving gases 8.6
- Use the Ideal Gas Law to determine pressure or volume of a gas 8.7
- Use Dalton's law of partial pressures to determine partial pressure of each gas in a mixture 8.8
- Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture based on its fractional composition Notes
CHAPTER 9
- Know the definition of a solution and its components (solute and solvent) 9.1
- Know the types of solution and an example of each (Table 9.1) 9.1
- Determine the solubility of a solute in a solvent based on polarity 9.1
- Distinguish between strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes and non-electrolytes 9.2
- Write equations for solution of a substance based on its electrolyte nature 9.2
- Determine the number of equivalents per mole for an ion 9.2
- Calculate the equivalents of an ion based on its concentration and charge 9.2
- Solve problems with equivalents and mass/mole of an ion 9.2
- Know the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent 9.3
- Know the effect of temperature on solubility of solids and gases 9.3
- Differentiate between unsaturated and saturated solutions. 9.3
- Determine the solubility of a substance at any temperature using solubility graphs. 9.3
- Identify an ionic salt as soluble or insoluble based on solubility rules 9.3
- Predict formation of a precipitate and write net ionic equation for its formation 9.3
- Calculate the concentration of solutions as mass percent (m/m and m/v) 9.4, Notes
- Calculate the concentration of solutions as moles/liter (molarity). 9.4
- Solve problems using mass percent and molarity as conversion factors 9.4
- Solve problems involving dilutions 9.5
- Calculate the osmolarity of a solution from its molarity Notes
- Determine the tonicity of a solution based on its osmolarity 9.6, Notes
- Know what a buffer does and how it works
- Write equations to show how a buffer neutralizes acids and bases
- Determine the relative strength of weak acids based on their values
- Calculate he pH of a buffer solution
Topic Text Reference
CHAPTER 11
- Know the common characteristics of acids and bases 11.1
- Know the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases and identify them 11.1, Notes
- Know the definition of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and identify them 11.2
- Identify conjugate acids and base pairs in a chemical equation 11.2
- Differentiate between strong and weak acids and bases and write chemical 11.3
- Know the electrolyte nature of strong and weak acids and bases and salts 11.3
- Know the common strong and weak acids and bases (Table in notes) Notes
- Know how water ionizes and know the [ ] and [ ] in pure water 11.5
- Know the relationship of [ ] and [ ] in an aqueous solution 11.5
- Identify acidity and basicity of solutions based on their [ ] and [ ] 11.5
- Calculate [ ] and [ ] in a solution using 11.5
- Identify acids and bases based on pH of the soluton 11.6
- Calculate pH of a solution from [ ] and vice versa 11.6
- Know the relationship of [ ], [ ], pH , and in a solution 11.6
- Know what a buffer does and how it works
- Write equations to show how a buffer neutralizes acids and bases
- Determine the relative strength of weak acids based on their values
- Calculate he pH of a buffer solution

SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS

The equations listed below will be provided for your use on the test.