Determine the wavelength in the diagram shown below:
Arrange the following electromagnetic radiation in increasing order of wavelength:
X-rays
Radiowaves
Visible light
Microwaves
longest
Arrange the following orbitals in increasing order of energy:
3 p
4 f
5 s
3 d
4 p
Identify each of the following elements from their electron configurations:
a)
oxygen (O)
b)
cobalt (Co)
c) phosphorous (P)
Shown below are excited states for some elements. Identify each element and write its ground state configuration:
a)
b)
c)
Using only a periodic table, write the notations requested for each element below:
Sulfur (complete configuration)
Selenium (Se): [ [Ar] (abbreviated configuration)
Nickel (Ni): (orbital notation for valence electrons)
7. Give symbol and name the element in the fourth period of the periodic table with:
a) 5 valence electrons arsenic (As)
b) a total of four 4p electrons selenium (Se)
c) a total of three 3d electrons _ vanadium (V)
d) a complete outer shell _ krypton (Kr)
8. Write complete electron configuration for each of the following ions:
a)
b)
c)
What do all the electron configurations above have in common?
They all have noble gas electron configurations
9. Using electron configurations, explain why oxygen tends to form a 2 - ion while calcium forms a ion.
Oxygen has 8 electrons and forms a noble gas configuration by gaining 2 electrons to form ion:
Calcium has electrons and forms a noble gas configuration by losing electrons to form ion:
According to the quantum mechanical model for the hydrogen atom, which transition produces light with longer wavelength: 3 p to 2 s or 4 p to 2 s? Give clear explanation and reasoning.
The 3p to 2s transition has lower energy than 4p to 2s. Therefore it produces a light with lower frequency and longer wavelength.
11. Complete each statement below with a suitable word or phrase:
A) Based on Bohr's model of atom, the electrons exist in energy levels around the nucleus.
B) The arrangement of the electrons around the nucleus is called electron configuration.
C) A particle of light is referred to as a(n) photon .
D) The group number of representative elements represents the number of valence electrons.
E) The number of waves per unit of time is called frequency .
F) Electrons that exist in the same orbital must possess opposite spins .
G) When electrons descend from higher energy levels to lower ones they emit light .
